ျမန္မာရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ားက ဆႏၵျပသူမ်ားကို ေဖာ့စ္ဖရပ္ဗံုးမ်ား အသံုးျပဳခဲ႕ေၾကာင္း ေရႇ႕ေနအဖြဲ႕တစ္ဖြဲ႕က ေျပာၾကားသည္ဟု နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္သတင္းစာေဖာ္ျပ

 Thursday, 31 January 2013 04:20

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ဗုဒၶဘာသာ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ားႏႇင့္ ရြာသူရြာသားမ်ားအား ျပင္းထန္သည့္ မီးေလာင္ဒဏ္ရာမ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚေစခဲ့ေသာ အၾကမ္းဖက္ၿဖိဳခြင္းခဲ့သည့္ အျဖစ္အပ်က္အားစံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးခဲ့ေသာ ေရႇ႕ေနအဖြဲ႕တစ္ဖြဲ႕က ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ားသည္ စစ္ပြဲ မ်ားတြင္သာ အသံုးျပဳေလ့ရႇိသည့္ အျဖဴေရာင္ေဖာ့စ္ဖရပ္ (phosphorus) မ်ားအား အသံုးျပဳခဲ့ၾကသည္ဟု ေလ့လာသံုးသပ္ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္ သတင္းစာက ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၃၀ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

ႏို၀င္ဘာလ၌ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံအလယ္ပိုင္းမႇ အျငင္းပြားဖြယ္ျဖစ္ေသာ ေၾကးနီသတၲဳတြင္းအျပင္ဘက္တြင္ ဆႏၵျပျခင္းကို ၿဖိဳခြင္းခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ ဒဏ္ရာရေသာ သံဃာေတာ္မ်ား၏ ဓာတ္ပံုမ်ား တစ္ႏိုင္ငံလံုး ျပန္႕ပြားသြားၿပီးေသာအခါတြင္ ျမန္မာျပည္သူ လူထုမ်ား အံ့ၾသထိတ္လန္႕ခဲ့ၾကရေၾကာင္း၊ ၂၀၁၁ ခုႏႇစ္တြင္ အာဏာရလာခဲ့ေသာ သမၼတဦးသိန္းစိန္၏ အရပ္သားအစိုးရအဖြဲ႕ကိုလည္း ယခင္ စစ္အစိုးရလက္ထက္ကအတိုင္း ဖိႏႇိပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ယ္နည္းမ်ားကို အသံုးျပဳခဲ့ၾကသည့္အတြက္ စိုးရိမ္မကင္းျဖစ္လာ ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္ သတင္းစာက ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

ထို႔ျပင္ ျမန္မာေရႇ႕ေနမ်ားႏႇင့္ အေမရိကန္ လူ႕အခြင့္အေရး ေရႇ႕ေနတစ္ေယာက္သည္ ဆႏၵျပသူမ်ားက ၿဖိဳခြင္းခဲ့ေသာေနရာမႇ သက္ေသမ်ားကို စုေဆာင္းခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း ထိုသက္ ေသမ်ားတြင္ ဆႏၵျပသူမ်ားက ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ားက ပစ္ခဲ့သည္ဟုဆိုေသာ သတၲဳဗံုးခြံလည္း ပါ၀င္ေၾကာင္း ထိုသတၲဳဗံုးခြံကို ဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕ရႇိ ပုဂၢလိက ဓာတ္ခြဲခန္းသို႔ စမ္းသပ္သည့္အခါတြင္ ကြၽမ္းက်င္ပညာရႇင္တစ္ေယာက္က ထိုဗံုးခြံအထဲမႇ အႂကြင္းအက်န္မ်ားတြင္ ေဖာ့စ္ဖရပ္ (phosphorus) အျပင္းစားမ်ား ပါ၀င္သည္ဟု စစ္ေဆးေတြ႕ရႇိခဲ့ေၾကာင္း ထိုဗံုးခြံႏႇင့္ ဓာတ္ခြဲခန္း အစီရင္ခံစာ၏ မိတၲဴစာရြက္ကို သတင္းေထာက္တစ္ဦးအား ၾကည့္႐ႈခြင့္ေပးခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္ တိုင္းမ္သတင္းစာက ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

'သူတို႕ေတြ ေဖာ့စ္ဖရပ္(phosphorus) ပါတဲ့ လက္နက္ကို အသံုးျပဳခဲ့တာ ကြၽန္ေတာ္တို႕ ေသခ်ာပါတယ္။ သူတို႕က ျပည္သူလူထုအားလံုးကို ဆႏၵမျပၾကဖို႕ သတိေပးခ်င္ၾကတယ္။ ျပည္သူေတြကို ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္ခ်င္ၾကတယ္' ဟု အထက္ျမန္မာျပည္ ေရႇ႕ေနကြန္ရက္မႇ ဥပေဒေကာ္မတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ ဦးသိန္းသန္းဦးက ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္းလည္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္သတင္းစာက ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

အျဖဴေရာင္ေဖာ့စ္ဖရပ္ (phosphorus) သည္ စစ္ပြဲမ်ားတြင္ အသံုးျပဳေလ့ရႇိၾကေသာ္လည္း ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕ မ်ားက သံုးေလ့မရႇိေၾကာင္း ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔တြင္ သမၼတ႐ံုးညႊန္ၾကားေရးမႇဴး ဦးေဇာ္ေဌးအား ဆက္သြယ္သည့္ အခါတြင္ မည္သည့္လက္နက္ကို အသံုးျပဳခဲ့သည္ဆိုသည္ကို ေျဖၾကားရန္ ျငင္းဆိုခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္ တိုင္းမ္က ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

စေတာ့ခ္ဟုမ္း ႏိုင္ငံတကာၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းေရး သုေတသနတကၠသိုလ္၏ ဓာတုလက္နက္အစီအစဥ္မႇ အႀကီးတန္းသုေတသနပညာရႇင္ ဂြၽန္ဟာ့တ္က ၁၉၉၃ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ သေဘာတူညီခ်က္အရ အျဖဴေရာင္ေဖာ့စ္ဖရပ္ (phosphorus) သည္ “ဓာတုလက္နက္အျဖစ္ မသတ္မႇတ္ထားေသာ္လည္း '”ဓာတုပစၥည္း၏ အဆိပ္လကၡဏာမႇ အသက္ေသဆံုးျခင္း သို႔မဟုတ္ တျခားအႏၲရာယ္မ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚေစသည့္' အသံုးျပဳမႈမ်ားကို တားျမစ္ ထားပါေၾကာင္း၊ ဒဏ္ရာရသံဃာေတာ္မ်ားထဲမႇ တစ္ပါးျဖစ္ေသာ အရႇင္သိကၡာၪာဏသည္ ခႏၶာကိုယ္၏ ၄၀ ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္းတြင္ မီးေလာင္ဒဏ္ရာမ်ား ရရႇိခဲ့ၿပီး ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ထိုကဲ့သို႔ ျပင္းထန္ေသာဒဏ္ရာမ်ားကို ကုသႏိုင္ျခင္း မရႇိသျဖင့္ အစိုးရမႇ ဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕သို႔ ေလယာဥ္ျဖင့္ ပို႔ေဆာင္ခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္က ေဖာ္ျပသည္။

အၾကမ္းဖက္ ၿဖိဳခြဲၿပီး ႏႇစ္လအၾကာအထိ အရႇင္သိကၡာဥာဏသည္ အတြင္းလူနာအျဖစ္ ကုသလ်က္ရႇိေၾကာင္းအရႇင္သိကၡာဥာဏ၏ ေဆး႐ံုအခန္းတြင္ ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႕က အင္တာဗ်ဴးခဲ့ရာတြင္ ႏို၀င္ဘာ ၂၉ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕မ်ားမႇ လူစုခြဲဖို႔ေရာက္ရႇိ လာခဲ့သည့္အခ်ိန္ကို ျပန္လည္ေျပာျပခဲ့ေၾကာင္း 'ကြၽႏု္ပ္ရဲ႕ေဘးမႇာ မီးလံုးတစ္လံုးေတြ႕ၿပီးေတာ့ ကြၽႏု္ပ္တစ္ကိုယ္လံုး မီးေလာင္သြားတယ္။ ေျမေပၚမႇာ လႇိမ့္ၿပီးေတာ့ မီးသတ္ဖို႕ ႀကိဳးစားခဲ့ ရတယ္'ဟု အရႇင္သိကၡာဥာဏက ေျပာခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္တြင္ ေဖာ္ျပခ်က္အရ သိရသည္။

အရႇင္သိကၡာဥာဏကို ကုသေပးေနေသာ မီးေလာင္ဒဏ္ရာအထူးကု ေဒါက္တာခ်က္ခ်ဳိင္ဖရြတ္ခ္စပြန္က သံဃာေတာ္သည္ ျပင္းထန္သည့္ မီးေလာင္လြယ္ေသာ အရာတစ္ခုခုျဖင့္ မီးဟပ္ခံရသည့္ ပံုေပါက္သည္ဟု ေျပာသည္ဟုလည္း ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

အရႇင္သိကၡာၪာဏရဲ႕ ဒဏ္ရာဟာ ေဒါက္တာခ်က္ခ်ိဳင္ဖရြတ္ခ္စပြန္၏ ေျပာၾကားခ်က္အရ ထုိင္းေတာင္ပိုင္း မၿငိမ္သက္မႈအတြင္း ဗံုးဒဏ္ရာရခဲ့ေသာ စစ္သားမ်ား၏ ဒဏ္ရာႏႇင့္ ဆင္တူသည္ဟု ေျပာေၾကာင္း၊ မ်က္ရည္ယိုဗံုးဆုိလ်င္ ဤေလာက္ ဒဏ္ရာမျပင္းထန္ဟု ေဒါက္တာခ်က္ခ်ိဳင္ဖရြတ္ခ္စပြန္က ဆုိေၾကာင္း၊ ကနဦးႏုိင္ငံတြင္း သတင္းမီဒီယာမ်ား၌ ျမန္မာအစိုးရ အရာရိႇမ်ားက ဆႏၵျပသူမ်ားအား မီးခုိးဗံုးမ်ားျဖင့္ ပစ္ခဲ့သည္ဟု ဆုိခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္းလည္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္က ေဖာ္ျပခဲ့သည္။

ဆႏၵျပသည့္ေနရာတြင္ ေတြ႕ရိႇရေသာ ဆႏၵျပၿဖိဳခြင္းရာတြင္ အသံုးျပဳခဲ့ေသာ သတၲဳဗံုး၏အခံြမ်ားတြင္ “smoke” ဟုေရးထားေသာ စာရြက္အပိုင္းမ်ားကို ေတြ႕ရိႇရၿပီး ယင္းသည္ အေမရိကန္ႏုိင္ငံမႇ ထုတ္လုပ္ဖူးေသာ လက္ပစ္မီးခုိးဗံုးႏႇင့္ ပံုစံဆင္တူေနသည္ဟု အမည္မေဖာ္လုိသူ လက္ရိႇ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံတြင္ ေနထုိင္သည့္ လုံျခံဳေရးရာ ကြၽမ္းက်င္သူႏႇင့္ ဥေရာပစစ္တပ္၏ ဗိုလ္မႇဴးအဆင့္ရိႇ အရာရိႇေဟာင္းတစ္ဦးက ဆုိေၾကာင္း၊ ထုိကဲ့သို႔ေသာ မီးခုိးဗံုးမ်ားသည္ ၅၅ေပပတ္လည္အတြင္း မီးေလာင္ကြၽမ္းေစေသာ အမႈန္မ်ားကို ထုတ္လႊတ္သည္ဟု ၎က ေျပာေၾကာင္း ဆႏၵျပၿဖိဳခြင္းမႈကို စံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးရာတြင္ ကူညီပါ၀င္ခဲ့ေသာ အေမရိကန္မႇ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးဆုိင္ရာ ေရႇ႕ေန ေရာ္ဂ်ာေနာမတ္က ေရႇ႕ေနမ်ား၏ အစီရင္ခံစာသည္ ေနာက္ရက္အနည္းငယ္အတြင္း ထြက္မည္ဟု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နယူး ေယာက္တိုင္းမ္တြင္ ေရးသားထားသည္။

ေရာ္ဂ်ာေနာမတ္က ထုိဗံုးခြံမ်ားကို ဘန္ေကာက္ၿမိဳ႕ရိႇ ၾသစေၾတးလ် ကုမၸဏီပိုင္ ALS ဓာတ္ခဲြခန္းသို႔ ပို႔ေဆာင္စစ္ေဆးရန္ ျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ၿပီး ထုိဓာတ္ခဲြခန္းမႇာ ဓာတုပစၥည္းနမူနာမ်ား စစ္ေဆးျခင္းကို အဓိကထားေသာ ဓာတ္ခဲြခန္းျဖစ္ကာ ေရာ္ဂ်ာေနာမတ္ႏႇင့္ အင္တာဗ်ဴးရာတြင္ ၎က ရဲတပ္ဖြဲ႕က အသံုးျပဳခဲ့ေသာ လက္နက္မႇာ တစ္ခါမႇမေတြ႕ဖူးေသးေသာ အလြန္အေငြ႕ပ်ံလြယ္ၿပီး အႏၲရာယ္မ်ားလြန္းသည္ဟု ဆုိပါေၾကာင္း ေရးသားထားသည္။

ေရာ္ဂ်ာေနာမတ္ႏႇင့္ ျမန္မာေရႇ႕ေနမ်ား၏ အစီရင္ခံစာကို ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ထံသို႔ ပို႔ထားၿပီးျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း အစိုးရက ကနဦးတြင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ဦးေဆာင္ေသာ ေကာ္မရႇင္၏ အစီရင္ခံစာကို ဒီဇင္ဘာလ ၃၁ ရက္ေန႔ ေနာက္ဆံုးထားၿပီး တင္ျပရန္ ေျပာၾကားေသာ္လည္း ယင္းမႇာ ယခုအခါ ေနာက္က်ေနေၾကာင္း၊ ထုိ႔ျပင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ ငါးရက္ၾကာ ေတာင္ကိုရီးယား ခရီးစဥ္ေၾကာင့္လည္း ပိုၿပီးေနာက္က်ႏုိင္ေၾကာင္း၊ ယင္းစီမံကိန္းေဒသရိႇ ရြာသားမ်ားက အၾကမ္းဖက္ၿဖိဳခြဲ ၿပီးသည့္တုိင္ ေနရာေရြ႕ေျပာင္းမေပးရန္ ဆံုးျဖတ္ထားၾကေၾကာင္း၊ ရြာသူတစ္ဦးျဖစ္သူ ေအးနက္က ဗုဒၶဟူးေန႔တြင္ ဖုန္းျဖင့္ ေျပာၾကားရာ၌ အၾကမ္းဖက္ၿဖိဳခြင္းမႈတြင္ ထိခုိက္ခဲ့ေသာ သူမ်ားအတြက္ တရားမွ်တမႈ လုိခ်င္ေၾကာင္း ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း နယူးေယာက္တိုင္းမ္၏ ေရးသားခ်က္မ်ားအရ သိရသည္။

Ref:NewYork Times

Eleven Media Group
Myanmar Police Used Phosphorus on Protesters, Lawyers Say

BANGKOK — A group of lawyers investigating a violent crackdown in Myanmar in November that left Buddhist monks and villagers with serious burns contends that the police used white phosphorus, a munition normally reserved for warfare, to disperse protesters.

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The suppression of a protest outside a controversial copper mine in central Myanmar on Nov. 29 shocked the Burmese public after images of critically injured monks circulated across the country. It also gave rise to fears that the civilian government of President Thein Sein, which came to power in 2011, was using the same repressive methods as the military governments that preceded it.

Burmese lawyers and an American human rights lawyer gathered material at the site of the protest, including a metal canister that protesters said was fired by the police. It was brought to a private laboratory in Bangkok, which found that residue in it contained high levels of phosphorus. Access to the canister and a copy of the laboratory report were provided to a reporter.

“We are confident that they used a munition that contained phosphorus,” said U Thein Than Oo, the head of the legal committee of the Upper Burma Lawyers Network, which helped investigate. “They wanted to warn the entire population not to protest. They wanted to intimidate the people.”

White phosphorus has many uses in war — as a smoke screen or incendiary weapon — but is rarely if ever used by police forces.

Reached on Wednesday, Zaw Htay, a director in the office of Mr. Thein Sein, declined to comment on what kind of weapon was used. “I can’t say,” he said. “I can’t answer.”

John Hart, a senior researcher at the Chemical Weapons Program of the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, said by e-mail that although white phosphorus was not considered a chemical weapon under a 1993 international convention, it was banned from uses that “cause death or other harm through the toxic properties of the chemical.”

One of the monks injured at the protest, Ashin Tikhanyana, 64, has burns over 40 percent of his body and was flown to Bangkok by the government because Myanmar does not have the facilities to treat such a serious case.

Two months after the crackdown, Mr. Tikhanyana remains in intensive care. In an interview on Wednesday in his hospital room, Mr. Tikhanyana described the moment that the police came to disperse the crowds before dawn on Nov. 29.

“I saw a fireball beside me, and I started to burn,” he said. “I was rolling on the ground to try to put it out.”

Dr. Chatchai Pruksapong, a burn specialist treating Mr. Tikhanyana, said it appeared that the monk was seared with something “severely flammable.”

Mr. Tikhanyana’s wounds are similar to those Dr. Chatchai said he saw on soldiers injured by bomb blasts in Thailand’s southern insurgency.

“Tear gas would definitely not cause this kind of deep wound,” Dr. Chatchai said.

Myanmar government officials were initially quoted in the local news media as saying that police officers had thrown “smoke bombs” at protesters.

The canister found at the protest site appeared to have “smoke” stenciled on it and looks similar in appearance to smoke hand grenades once manufactured by the United States, said a security expert and former colonel in a European army who asked to remain anonymous because he has dealings in Myanmar. Such smoke grenades emit burning particles within a radius of about 55 feet, he said.

Roger Normand, the American human rights lawyer who helped investigate the crackdown, said a report from the lawyers would be released in the next few days.

Mr. Normand arranged to have the canister brought to the Bangkok laboratory, which is run by ALS, an Australian company that specializes in testing samples for their chemical content.

In an interview, Mr. Normand said it was “unheard-of” for highly volatile and dangerous weapons to be used by police forces. “This raises serious questions about who in the military chain of command could have given the order to use these weapons,” he said.

The report prepared by Mr. Normand and the Burmese lawyers has been submitted to Daw Aung San Suu Kyi, the Nobel laureate and opposition leader, who was appointed by the government soon after the crackdown to lead a separate, official commission of inquiry. The precise mandate of the commission is unclear, as is the timing of the release of the commission’s findings.

The government initially announced that the commission would report its work on Dec. 31, but that was delayed by a month. It may be further delayed because Ms. Aung San Suu Kyi is on a five-day visit to South Korea.

The controversy over the copper mine centers on the government’s effort to relocate villagers in order to expand the mine, which is co-owned by a Chinese company and the Burmese military. The government ordered the dispersal of protesters after several months of intermittent demonstrations. The controversy received widespread coverage in the Myanmar media partly because land rights have become a major issue as the country opens up to the world.

But it is a measure of the villagers’ resolve that even after the violent crackdown they say they are refusing to back down. Aye Net, a villager who has helped lead the protest movement, said Wednesday by telephone that villagers were calling for “justice for all those wounded in the crackdown.”

“And we still want the total abolition of the project,” she said.

Wai Moe contributed reporting from Yangon, Myanmar, and Poypiti Amatatham from Bangkok.